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Advanced 📝 Grammar

Discourse markers

Discourse markers are the small words and phrases that connect ideas and manage a conversation: however, anyway, actually, to be honest, on the other hand, that said..

1What is it?

Discourse markers are the small words and phrases that connect ideas and manage a conversation: however, anyway, actually, to be honest, on the other hand, that said.

2Why do we use it?

They are the difference between speaking in blocks and speaking in flow. They also buy you thinking time — “Well, actually…” — which is exactly what nervous speakers need.

3The simple rule

Use them at the start of a sentence or between ideas. Match the job: adding (also, besides), contrasting (however, on the other hand), sequencing (first, then, finally), softening (to be honest, I’m afraid), and holding the floor (well, so, anyway).

4Formula

Well / Actually / To be honest, …  ·  …, however, …  ·  Anyway, back to…

5Easy examples

First, we’ll eat. Then we’ll go.
It’s expensive. However, it’s worth it.
To be honest, I didn’t like it.
Anyway, what were you saying?

6Everyday examples

Actually, I think you’re right.
On the other hand, the train is cheaper.
I’m afraid I can’t make it.Polite softener
So, basically, we need more time.

7Kerala and India examples

Well, the thing is, the bus never comes on time.
Kochi is great. That said, the traffic is terrible.
Besides, we can always take the metro.
Anyway, let’s decide about Onam plans.

8Common mistakes

Basically, actually, honestly, I think… (all at once)
Actually, I think…
Why: One marker at a time.
However I like it.
However, I like it.
Why: Comma after however.
By the way, is it good? (as the main point)
So, is it good?
Why: By the way introduces a side topic, not the main one.

9Practice quiz

Question 1 of 4Multiple choice
The hotel was nice. ___, it was far from the beach.

10Speaking challenge

Speaking challenge

Give a 1-minute opinion on “Is Kochi a good city to live in?” Use at least 4 markers: first, however, to be honest, on the other hand, anyway.

0:30

Say it out loud. Nobody is listening — that’s the point. Mistakes are allowed.

Finish this lesson

Do the practice quiz above, then mark it complete.

Next: Participle clauses →